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August 9, 2016 by Astronut Leave a Comment

Algebra, Physics and High School Graduation Requirements

Resistance to Common Core

For a very long time I have been dismayed by the fact that there are so many very capable students, motivated students who want to have good grades and take the classes that they need to in order to succeed in college and have a meaningful career. Unfortunately, as we all know America’s public education system could use improvement. Common Core has been met with great controversy, some success, and much work yet to be done.

Conceptual Physics as a Graduation Requirement

For many years now I have tutored students in the subjects of physics, math, chemistry, astronomy, and computer science, and most of those students have come from private high schools here in the San Diego area. And, as you can expect, private high schools are not the least expensive means of providing an education for someone. A couple of things have really bothered me. One is that this private high school, like a couple of others that I know of, requires all students to take and pass the conceptual physics class in order to graduate. Now, I think this is a tremendous idea. In fact, I have said many times that I think students, and society, would be better served by ALL students having to take and pass conceptual physics, along with some other subjects, in order to graduate from high school. But this is something that a lot of parents might say my child can’t do. I have tutored many students from these conceptual physics , and it is fair to say that many of the students would be unable to pass this class if it weren’t for me tutoring them.

California Algebra Graduation Requirement

This, of course, comes against the backdrop of an educational system, at least in California, which is still struggling to ensure that ALL students take and pass algebra in order to graduate from high school. And I have read reports that some students are having to take algebra THREE times in order to pass just to graduate from high school. This bothers me a lot because, clearly, we live in a society in which basic math skills are an absolute necessity.

Physics, Calculus Required for Highest Paying Jobs

and I have seen a great many reports showing that the highest demand, highest paying jobs for college graduates this year and in at least the past 40 years have all required physics and calculus. That is, at least two semesters of calculus and two semesters of physics. So if we are in a society where we are having problems with getting kids to just pass algebra in order to graduate from high school, clearly, we have a great disconnect between what the best jobs are demanding and what our schools are providing and our students are able to accomplish.

Where does the disconnect lie?

Now, I have not a doubt in my mind that there are great many educators who have written a great number of papers on what the problem is: Is it that we don’t have good teachers? Is it that students don’t work as hard as they used to? Is it that they play too many video games? Who knows. There is considerable debate on this topic, but the end result of it is we are still struggling to get all students to pass algebra, preferably on the first try, in order to graduate from high school, and then we have these various private high schools here in San Diego that are requiring all students to pass conceptual physics in order to graduate, in addition to algebra, and several other math and science classes.

How do we solve the problem?

We live in an increasingly technological society and a knowledge of basic physics is something critical to deductive reasoning skills and to the world in which we live. Sadly, though, because so many students are struggling just to pass algebra, the prospects for implementation of the conceptual physics curriculum in every public high school, for every high school, for that matter, throughout the country seem very low. I would definitely like to see a time where students are given the opportunity to take this class, so that they could go on to college and take the physics and math needed for the best paying, highest demand jobs and go on to have great career success, achieve promotions and have lower student loan debt.

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Filed Under: Algebra Help, HIgh School Graduation Requirements, Uncategorized Tagged With: Algebra, Calculus, California, Common Core, HIgh School Graduation Requirements, Physics, San Diego

November 14, 2014 by Astronut Leave a Comment

Chemistry explains San Diego Weather

San Diego Spring Weather explained

Everyone thinks San Diego weather is 70 degrees and sunny all the time. I have learned the hard way not to even mention the weather when talking with relatives in the Midwest. In particular, they have commented on the Southern California weather phenomenon known as May Gray and June Gloom, and how surprised they were that the ocean water in Southern California is so cold, even well into the summer months. With all the association of Southern California with surfing and water sports, they figured that the water was quite warm, and that the weather, particularly in San Diego, was perfect year round.

Its not.

I walked outside a little while ago and noticed that, for the first time in over a week, the San Diego weather is not “May Gray.” This is a very pleasant change to this astronomer, who likes to see the little white twinkly things at night before bed.

San Diego May Gray spring weather
Downtown San Diego, as seen from San Diego Bay, demonstrating the May Gray that often hangs over the city in the spring

So, why am I writing about cold water and clear skies in the same blog post? Because they’re related.

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The reason why the coastal areas of Southern California have “May Gray” and “June Gloom” has to do with chemistry. There, I said it. You will have to learn a little science in the process of this page. I promise to keep it simple. Water has a specific heat of 4.184 Joules per gram degree Celsius. I wrote it all out, so you wouldn’t get lost in mathematical symbols. I wrote it just like chemists and physicists say it.

What that means is that water does not change its temperature easily. By comparison, metals have specific heats of less than 1, and many have specific heats less than 0.5. That is why metals are called excellent CONDUCTORS of heat. They allow heat to flow easily within them. Water, on the other hand, not so much.

So, what’s astronomy got to do with it?

After the Earth passes vernal equinox on the First Day of Spring, around March 20th every year, the Northern Hemisphere is pointing towards the Sun, and gets more sunlight. The amount of sunlight the Northern Hemisphere gets peaks on Summer Solstice, around June 20th. The extra sunlight causes the air temperature to increase, and it does so pretty easily. The water temperature, though, remains cold. Its like the old joke about how many psychologists does it take to change a light bulb? Only one, but it has to WANT to change. Water does not WANT to change. The air is warm, the water is cold. And that temperature difference causes May Gray and June Gloom. It causes the air to be cloudy and “hang” over the coastal areas, well into early afternoon, clearing off for a bit usually, then moving back in around 5 or 6 pm.

San Diego Bay and Skyline Overlooking Coronado Bay Bridge
San Diego downtown sky line as seen from high above the south bay, overlooking the Coronado Bay Bridge

As the summer progresses, and Earth gets closer and closer to summer solstice, the water temperature EVENTUALLY warms up, and the May Gray and June Gloom usually goes away. In July and August, Southern California usually enjoys the clear skies and warm water we are famous for, and San Diego weather attracts legions of tourists to its temperate climate, while others are roasting are freezing.

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Now you know why Southern California, in particular San Diego, weather is the way that it is, and why the skies are so clear in January and February, when the rest of the country is freezing. It is because the water and air temperature are close to the same.

Filed Under: Everyday Science Tagged With: chemistry, June Gloom, May Gray, San Diego, specific heat, water, weather

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